构建多线程web服务器

rust

单线程server

use std::{
    fs,
    io::{BufRead, BufReader, Write},
    net::{TcpListener, TcpStream},
};

fn main() {
    let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:7878").unwrap();

    for stream in listener.incoming() {
        let stream = stream.unwrap();

        handle_connection(stream);

        println!("Connection established!");
    }
}

fn handle_connection(mut stream: TcpStream) {
    // 从TCP流中读取数据
    let buf_reader = BufReader::new(&mut stream);
    let request_line = buf_reader.lines().next().unwrap().unwrap();

    let (status_line, filename) = if request_line == "GET / HTTP/1.1" {
        ("HTTP/1.1 200 OK", "hello.html")
    } else {
        ("HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND", "404.html")
    };

    let contents = fs::read_to_string(filename).unwrap();
    let length = contents.len();
    let response = format!("{status_line}\r\nContent-Length: {length}\r\n\r\n{contents}");

    stream.write_all(response.as_bytes()).unwrap();
    stream.flush().unwrap()
}

web请求格式

Method Request-URI HTTP-Version CRLF
headers CRLF
message-body

web响应格式

HTTP-Version Status-Code Reason-Phrase CRLF
header CRLF
message-body

多线程server

main.rs

use basic_web_server::ThreadPool;
use std::{
    fs,
    io::{BufRead, BufReader, Write},
    net::{TcpListener, TcpStream},
    thread,
    time::Duration,
};

fn main() {
    let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:7878").unwrap();
    let pool = ThreadPool::new(4);

    for stream in listener.incoming() {
        let stream = stream.unwrap();

        pool.execute(|| {
            handle_connection(stream);
        });
    }
}

fn handle_connection(mut stream: TcpStream) {
    // 从TCP流中读取数据
    let buf_reader = BufReader::new(&mut stream);
    let request_line = buf_reader.lines().next().unwrap().unwrap();

    let (status_line, filename) = match &request_line[..] {
        "GET / HTTP/1.1" => ("HTTP/1.1 200 OK", "hello.html"),
        "GET /sleep HTTP/1.1" => {
            thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(5));
            ("HTTP/1.1 200 OK", "hello.html")
        } // 模拟慢请求
        _ => ("HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND", "404.html"),
    };

    let contents = fs::read_to_string(filename).unwrap();
    let length = contents.len();
    let response = format!("{status_line}\r\nContent-Length: {length}\r\n\r\n{contents}");

    stream.write_all(response.as_bytes()).unwrap();
}

lib.rs

use std::{
    sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex},
    thread,
};

pub struct ThreadPool {
    workers: Vec<Worker>,
    sender: mpsc::Sender<Job>,
}

type Job = Box<dyn FnOnce() + Send + 'static>;

impl ThreadPool {
    pub fn new(size: usize) -> ThreadPool {
        assert!(size > 0);

        let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel();

        let receiver = Arc::new(Mutex::new(receiver));

        let mut workers = Vec::with_capacity(size);

        for id in 0..size {
            workers.push(Worker::new(id, Arc::clone(&receiver)));
        }

        ThreadPool { workers, sender }
    }

    pub fn execute<F>(&self, f: F)
    where
        F: FnOnce() + Send + 'static,
    {
        let job = Box::new(f);

        self.sender.send(job).unwrap();
    }
}

struct Worker {
    id: usize,
    thread: thread::JoinHandle<()>,
}

impl Worker {
    fn new(id: usize, receiver: Arc<Mutex<mpsc::Receiver<Job>>>) -> Worker {
        let thread = thread::spawn(move || loop {
            let job = receiver.lock().unwrap().recv().unwrap();

            println!("Worker {id} got a job; executing.");
            job();
        });

        Worker { id, thread }
    }
}

停机和清理

优雅停机与清理 - Rust 程序设计语言 简体中文版